CC Chemokine Ligand 2 and Its Receptor Regulate Mucosal Production of IL-12 and TGF- in High Dose Oral Tolerance

CC chemokine ligand 2 and its receptor regulate mucosal production of IL-12 and TGF-beta in high dose oral tolerance.

Oral tolerance is the result of a complex immunoregulatory strategy used by the gut and its associated lymphoid tissues to render the peripheral immune system unresponsive to nonpathogenic proteins, such as food or commensal bacteria. The mechanism of oral tolerance induction and maintenance is not well understood. We have previously shown that the chemokine, CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), is im...

In situ immune response in gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) following oral antigen in TCR-transgenic mice.

Oral administration of Ag results in systemic hyporesponsiveness termed oral tolerance. The regulatory cells induced by oral Ag are effective in the suppression of Th1-type autoimmune diseases. We examined the cytokine microenvironment in gut-associated lymphoid tissue in response to orally administered OVA in OVA TCR-transgenic mice. Mice were fed a low (0.5 mg) or high (500 mg) dose of OVA on...

Levels in the GALT by Modulating CC Chemokine Ligand 2 CCR5 Regulates High Dose Oral Tolerance

A CB2 Receptor Agonist Reduces the Production of Inflammatory Mediators and Improves Locomotor Activity in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Background: Cannabinoids (CBs) have been found to regulate the immune system, affect innate and adaptive immune responses, and reduce inflammatory reactions. This study assessed the therapeutic effects of GW-405833 synthetic CB2 agonist on inflammatory factors as well as locomotor activity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Methods: In this experimental study, 48 adult male ...

Pathogen-specific T Regulatory 1 Cells Induced in the Respiratory Tract by a Bacterial Molecule that Stimulates Interleukin 10 Production by Dendritic Cells

Antigen-specific T helper type 1 (Th1) cells mediate protective immunity against a range of infectious diseases, including that caused by Bordetella pertussis. Distinct T cell subtypes that secrete interleukin (IL)-10 or tumor growth factor (TGF)-beta are considered to play a role in the maintenance of self-tolerance. However, the antigens recognized by these regulatory T cells in vivo have not...